Cell signal6/2/2023 They are also used widely for the evaluation of drug:target interactions in drug discovery applications. Changes in the level, subcellular localization and activity of kinases and phosphatases have consequences for normal cell function and maintenance of cellular homeostasis.Īssays to detect the activity of kinases and other signaling enzymes are fundamental tools for researchers studying a wide variety of signaling events. Cell signaling, or signal transduction, is the process by which information from the cell surface is transmitted to the nucleus via a complex network of. Protein kinases and phosphatases are responsible for determining the phosphorylation state of cellular proteins and, thus, whether a signal gets transduced within a cell. In general, phosphorylation either activates or inactivates a given protein to perform a certain function. Protein phosphorylation, one of the most common post-translational modifications, plays a dominant role in almost all signaling events. In many cases, the signal is propagated by post-translational modification of proteins. The propagation of the primary signal involves a wide array of enzymes with specialized functions. These receptors transmit the stimulus to the interior of the cell, where the signal is amplified and directed through a signaling pathway. Signal transduction cascades are generally triggered by the binding of ligands, such as growth factors, cytokines, neurotransmitters, or hormones, to a receptor. ![]() These signaling events regulate cellular responses like proliferation, differentiation, secretion and apoptosis. ![]() ![]() Cell signaling, or signal transduction, is the process by which information from the cell surface is transmitted to the nucleus via a complex network of interwoven signaling cascades.
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